Contour of solid volume fraction first-order (left) and second order

XPS spectra of uncoated anatase TiO2 powders: O 1s (a) without and (b)

The network map of biochar research during 2011-2015

Parity plot comparing the numerical results with the experimental data

Simulation of the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process in a bubbling

Effect of feed rates on pyrolytic yield

PDF) Three-dimensional transient numerical simulation of the solid volume fraction of a fluidized bed: the role of three solution orders using a discretization scheme

Comparison on experimental results (bars) and simulation data (points)

Physical features and process parameters

Schematic diagram of novel helical fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor.

Comparison on experimental results (bars) and simulation data (points)

Product gas total energy as function of bed material to biomass ratio.

Contours of volume fraction in tapered bed having taper angle of 4.52 º

The magnitude of the transfer function from mass flow rate fluctuations

Textural properties of raw and spent catalysts

Schematic of the gas distributor for the three case studies